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考点七 形容词的用法
一、以-ly结尾的形容词
1.大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但 friendly,deadly,lovely,lonely,likely,lively,ugly,brotherly,仍为形容词。
2.有些以-ly 结尾既为形容词,也为副词。 daily,weekly,monthly,yearly,early
The Times is a daily paper. The Times is published daily.
二、用形容词表示类别和整体
1.某些形容词加上定冠词可泛指一类人,谓语用复数。如:the dead,the living,the rich,the poor,the blind,the hungry。———— The poor are losing hope.
2.有关国家和民族的形容词加上定冠词指这个民族的整体,与动词复数连用。the British,the English,the French,the Chinese. ————The English have wonderful sense of humor.
三、多个形容词修饰名词的顺序
多个形容词修饰名词时,顺序:限定词--数词--描绘词--(大小,长短,形状,新旧,颜色) --出处--材料性质,类别)
a small round table
a dirty old brown shirt
an expensive Japanese sports car
四、形容词变副词方式
1.在形容词词尾直接加-ly,构成副词。如: usual-usually, bad-badly等。
[注]:不是所有以-ly结尾的单词都是副词,某些名词后加-ly可以转化为形容词。
如:sisterly, brotherly, friendly, comradely, lovely等。
2.以“辅音 字母+ y”结尾的单词,变y为i,再加-ly,如:heavy-heavily, happy-happily等 ,并且要注意这些单词的变化:polite-politely, true-truly, terrible-terribly等。
五、形容词的同级比较
① as + 原级adj. + as 和……一样
Tom is as tall as his brother. 汤姆和他哥哥一样高。
② not as/so + 原级adj. + as不如……
My English is not as/so good as his. 我的英语不如他的好。
六、形容词的比较级
① 比较级+than...比……更
This road is wider than that one. 这条路比那条路宽。
This computer is less expensive than mine. 这台电脑比我的便宜。
② the + 比较级,the + 比较级 越……,就越……
The higher the ground is, the thinner the air becomes. 海拔越高,空气就越稀薄。
③ 比较级+and +比较级越来越……
Our country is getting stronger and stronger. 我们的国家越来越强大了。
【注意】
①避免双重比较。在比较级前不能再加more,加more就属于双重比较。
This road is more wider than that one. (×)
This road is wider than that one. (√)
②相比较的前后两部分必须是同类比较
My pencil is longer than you. (×)
My pencil is longer than yours. (√)
③比较要符合逻辑,要避免与自身相比
Tom is taller than any boy in his class. (×)
Tom is taller than any other boy(或all the other boys/anybody else/any of the other boys )in his class. (√)
在比较中,要注意把相比的主语和宾语排除出来,避免与自身相比。误句中的“any boy”(任何一个男孩)包括了汤姆,汤姆不能比他本身还高,不符合逻辑。
④有些含有比较级的句子里,常用that(单数、不可数名词)、those (复数名词)代替前面提到的词,以避免重复。
The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Guangzhou in winter .
The boys in our class are more than those in your class .
⑤注意比较级前表示程度可用的修饰语和不可用的修饰语——比较级前可用修饰语:much,a lot,far(.....得多),a little,a bit(一点),still(仍然),even(甚至),two times(两倍),以及具体的数词,如:two years等修饰。但是不可以用very和many来修饰。
He is very taller than his brother. (×)
He is much taller than his brother. (√)
七、形容词的最高级
1.基本用法
用于三者或三者以上的比较时,表示“最……”的要用最高级形容词。形容词的最高级前面要加定冠词the,后面常有一个in/of短语来表示比较范围。
I am the tallest in our class. 我是班里个子最高的。
My movements are the most graceful of us three. 三个人中我的动作是最优雅的.
2.惯用句型
①the +序数词+形容词的最高级+单数名词
The Yellow River is the second longest river in China .
②one of + the +形容词的最高级+复数名词
He is one of the cleverest students in our class.
八、形容词原级与比较级、最高级的转换
1.原级与比较级的转换
倍数+ as …as → (倍数-1)+比较级+than
This room is five times as big as that one=This room is four times bigger than that one .
2.比较级与最高级的转换
①the +最高级+ of / in...
②比较级+than+any other +单数名词
+the other +复数名词
+anyone else
+any of the other+复名
③Nobody else + 比较级 + than ……
Tom is the tallest boy in our class .
Tom is taller than any other boy in our class.
Tom is taller than the other boys in our class.
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